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Eid-e-Mubahila - The History

Historical perspective of Eid-e-Mubahila

Najran was a fertile land located in the Northern mountainous region of Yemen about 20 Kms from Sanaa. About 40,000 Christians inhabited the land divided into 73 small towns. They were idol worshipers historically just like the Arabs but a priest named Femeon, a constructor by profession, preached Christianity in the area of Najran and soon all the population converted to Christianity and Najran became a powerful centre of activities of Christians.

They also constructed a church and named it 'Kaba-e-Najran'. They prayed and offered various offerings there which resulted in an annual income of about two hundred thousand Dinars which was used for the priest who lived and studied there. After the conquest of Makkah when Islam started spreading rapidly and the warring groups came under the flag of Islam, the Holy Prophet(saw) starting sending emissaries to the tribes who had not yet accepted Islam.

In 10 A.H. a similar message was sent to the Christians of Najran and they were offered either to accept the teachings of Islam or live in the protection of Muslims and give 'Jazia' - a kind of fee for protection services. When the Bishop of Najran received this message, he invited all the scholars and influential people of Najran and asked them to think and find a solution to this situation.

This news spread rapidly among the masses and some people got infuriated as well but the Bishop of Najran pacified them and advised them to be mindful of the military might of the Islamic regime and try to find a peaceful solution.

Christian mission heads to Madina

After deliberations, it was finally decided to send a mission to Madina and have a dialog with the Muslims. A 14 member delegation headed by Aqib Saidawar and Abu Harisa started off for Makkah. Abu Harisa was considered as the greatest Bishop and scholar of the Christian world at that time and Aqib Saidawar was the biggest strategist and negotiator of the time.

When the delegation reached Madina, the people got impressed by their lavish dressing and pomp and show since it was the first time that a mission had arrived in such a manner.

When they entered the Masjid-e-Nabawi, the Prophet Muhammad(saw) looked at the precious stones, gold and silk clothes that they were wearing and turned away his face and did not pay any attention to them. After a while when no one noticed their pomp and show, they got out of the Masjid-e-Nabawi and met Hazrat Usman and Ubaid-ur-Rehman outside and asked them as to why they were invited by the Muslims and then treated in this manner.

Hazrat Usman mentioned that he did not have a clue about that but if they consult Imam Ali(AS), he would be able to tell them what was going on. They took the delegation with them and arrived at the house of Imam Ali(AS) and mentioned about the whole incidence to him.

Imam Ali(AS) said to the delegation that they were wearing dresses of silk and ornaments of gold which depicted their superior mentality and that they should take them off and dress simply. Only then the Prophet(saw) would allow them to visit him and entertain them. When they followed the instructions of Imam Ali(AS), they were allowed to visit the Prophet Muhammad(saw) after the Prayers of Asr and have discussions with him.

Proposal of Mubahila

After exchange of views on several issues, the delegation did not seem to be willing to accept the observations about the incorrect beliefs of Christianity and the logical explanations proving the incorrectness of their beliefs. At that time Allah(swt) send down the famous Ayat-e-Mubahila of the Quran:

"And unto him who disputed with thee therein after the knowledge hath come unto thee, Say ! (O\' Our Apostle Muhammad !) (Unto them) come ye, let us summon our sons, and (ye summon) your sons, and (we summon) our women and (ye) your women, and (we summon) ourselves and then let us invoke the curse of God on the liars !" Reference: Quran - Surah Aal-e-Imran, Ayat Number 61.

Prophet Muhammad(saw) recited this Ayat and invited them for Mubahila - praying to God(swt) to destroy and banish the liars.

Mubahila became necessary since the Christian delegation was adamant to accept the truth. After some hesitations the delegations asked to be given one day to reconsider their options and then accepted to have the Mubahila after two days. In their consultations among themselves, the grand Bishop Abu Harisa told his companions that if tomorrow, Prophet Muhammad(saw) brings his companions and his tribesmen and military might with him for Mubahila then they should accept the challenge without fear but if he brings only the members of his family, then never accept the challenge.

Whom did the Prophet (saw) take with?

The Prophet Muhammad (saw) selected a place close to Madina for the Mubahila which was then cleaned and prepared by Hazrat Salman Farsi (r.a.) and the next day the Christian delegation reached the designated place. A number of muhajirren and ansaar also gathered at the site.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) took with him Imam Hasan (AS), Imam Hussain (AS), Bibi Fatima (SA) and Imam Ali (AS) and headed towards the site in a manner that Prophet Muhammad(saw) was leading the group holding Imam Hasan (AS) and Imam Hussain (AS) and Bibi Fatima (SA) was behind him and Imam Ali (AS) was behind Bibi Fatima (SA).

Saad bin Abi Waqas relates that when the Ayat-e-Mubahila was sent down, Prophet Muhammad(saw) called Imam Ali(AS), Bibi Fatima(SA), Imam Hasan(AS) and Imam Hussain(AS) and said "O my Allah(swt), these are my Ahl-e-Bait" . Reference: Sahih Muslim, Vol.2, Page 287

Prophet Muhammad(saw) sat down under a tree with these weighty personalities and said that when I pray to God, you all should say 'Ameen'. When the Christian delegation saw a woman, two children and only one man with the Prophet(saw), they got scared and worried and Abu Harisa said "O my Christian friends, I am seeing such bright faces that if they pray that God move this mountain from its place then the mountain will be moved. I warn you do not have Mubahila with them or you all will be destroyed and banished."

The Christian delegation was still amazed and frightened when the brother of Abu Harisa, Karz ibn-e-Alqama stated: "O my fellows, it appears that Muhammad(saw) is the same last apostle and prophet that has been mentioned in our sacred books(the bible). We should not have Mubahila with them because anyone who had Mubahila with the prophets in the past as well were destroyed. Look around you and observe that the signs of your destruction are appearing." When they looked around, they observed that the entire atmosphere had changed and it appeared that a furious storm is in offing.

Result of the Mubahila

Witnessing this, they backed off from the contest and requested that their friendship be accepted. Prophet Muhammad(saw) accepted their request and asked Imam Ali(AS) to write the agreement according to which they Najran tribes accepted to pay 'Jazia' and live under the protection of the Muslims. This victory is a unique one in the history of this world so we should celebrate such a occasion in remembrance of Prophet Muhammad's(saw) glorious victory.

Dua For This Occasion

In brief:

1.) Perform Ghusl and wear clothes which are paak (can be new or old clothes which have been washed)
2.) Fast on the day and donate to charity.
3.) Read 2 Rakat Namaz (Near to the time of Zuhr so just halfway after the mark between Fajr and Zuhr) and in each Rakat recite Surah al-Fatihah, Surah Ikhlas(x10) and Ayat-ul-Kursi(x10).
4.) Recite the following Dua:

Ayat-ul-Kursi:
ALLAAHO LAA ELAAHA ILLAA HOWA,
AL-HAYYUL QAYYOOMO,
LAA TAAKHOZOHU SENATUWN WALAA NAWMUN,

LAHU MAA FIS SAMAAWAATE WA MAA FIL ARZE,
MAN ZAL LAZE YASH-FA-O' I'NDAHU ILLAA BE-IZNEHI,
YA'LAMO MAA BAYNA AYDEEHIM WA MAA KHALFAHUM,
WA LAA YOHEETOONA BE SHAYIM MIN I'LMEHI ILLAA BEMAA SHAAA-A,
WASE-A' KURSIYYOHUS SAMAAWAATE WAL ARZA,
WA LAA YA-OODOHU HIFZOHOMAA,
WA HOWAL A'LIYYUL A'ZEEMO.

LAA IKRAAHA FID DEENE,
QAD TABAYYANAR RUSHDO MENAL GHAYYE,
FAMAYN YAKFUR BIT-TAAGHOOTE WA YOO-MIM BILLAAHE FAQADIS TAMSAKA BIL-U'RWATIL WUSQAA,
LANFESAAMA LAHAA, WALLAAHO SAMEE-U'N A'LEEMUN.
ALLAAHO WALIYYUL LAZEENA AAMANOO,
YUKHREJOHUM MENAZ ZOLOMAATE ELAN NOORE,
WALLAZEENA KAFAROO AWLEYAAA-O-HOMUT TAAGHOOTO YUKHREJOONAHUM MENAN NOORE ELAZ ZOLOMAATE,
OOLAA-EKA ASHAABUN NAARE,
HUM FEEHAA KHAALEDOON.

Transliteration in Roman text:

ALAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN BAHAAA-IKA BI-ABHAAHU
WA KULLU BAHAAA-IKA BAHIYY ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-BAHAAA-IKA
 KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN JALAALIKA BI-AJALLIHI
WA KULLU JALAALIKA JALEEL ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-JALAALIKA
KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN JAMAALIKA BI-AJMALIHI
WA KULU JAMAALIKA JAMEEL ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-JAMAALIKA
KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA AMARTANEE
FASTAJIB LEE KAMAA WA – A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMA INNEE
AS-ALUKA MIN A’ZAMATIKA BI-AA’-ZAMIHAA
WA KULLU A’ZAMATIKA A’ZEEM ALLAAHUMMA INNEE
AS-ALUKA BI-A’ZAMATIKA KULLIHAA ALLAAHUMMA INNEE
AS-ALUKA MIN NOORIKA BI-ANWARIHI WA KULLU NOORIKA
NAYYIR ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-NOORIKA
KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN RAH’MATIKA
BI-AWSA-I-HAA WA KULLU RAH’MATIKA WAASI-A’H ALLAAHUMMA
INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-RAH’MATIKA KULLIHAA ALLAAHUMMA
INNEE AD-OOKA KAMAA AMARTANEE FASTAJIB LEE KAMAA
WA-A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMAA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN KAMAALIKA BI-AKMALIHI
WA KULLU KAMAALIKA KAAMIL ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI- KAMAALIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-KAMAALIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN KALIMAATIKA
 BI-ATAMMIHAA WAA KULLU KALIMAATIKA TAAAMMAH
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-KALIMAATIKA KULLIHAA
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN ASMAAA-IKA BI-AKBARIHAA
WA KULLU ISMAAA-IKA KABEERAH ALLAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-ASMAAA-IKA KULLIHAA ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA
AMARTANEE FASTAJIB LEE KAMAA WA – A’DTANEE
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN I’ZZIHAA WA KULLU I’ZZATIKA A’ZEEZAH  ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-I’ZZATIKA KULLIHAA
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN MASHIYYATIKA BI-AMZ”AAHAA
WA KULLU MASHIYAATIKA MAAZ’IYAH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE
AS-ALUKA BI-MASHIYAATIKA KULLIHAA ALLAAHUMMA INNEE
AS-ALUKA BIQUDRATIKAL LATIS-TAT’ALTA BIHAA A’LAA
KULLISHAY-IN WA KULLU QUDRATIKA MUSTAT’EELAH
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-QUDRATIKA KULLIHAA
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA AMARTANEE FASTAJIB
LEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN
I’LMIKA BI-ANFAD’IHI WA KULLU I’LMIKA NAAFID’
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-I’LMIKA KULLIH
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN QAWLIKA BI-ARZ”AAHU
WA KULLU QAWLIKA RAZ”IYY ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BIQAWLIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN
MASAAA-ILIKA BI-AH’ABBIHAA WA KULLUHAA ILAYKA H’ABEEBAH
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-MASAAA-ILIKA KULLIHAA
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA AMARTANEE FASTAJIB
LEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN
SHARAFIKA BI-ASHRAFIHI WA KULLU SHARFIKA SHAREEF
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-SHARAFIKA KULLIH
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN SUTA’AANIKA BI-ADWAMIHI
WA KULLU SUT’AANIKA DAAA-IM ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-SULT’AANIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN MULKIKA BI-AFDHARIHI WA KULLU MULKIKA FAAKHIR ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-MULKIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA
AMARTANEE FASTAJIB LEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN A’LAAA-IKA BI-AA’-LAAHU
WA KULLU A’LAAA-IKA A’AL ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-A’LAAA-IKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN
AAYAATIKA BI-AA’-JIBAHAA WA KULLU AAYAATIKA A’JEEB
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-AAYAATIKA KULLIHAA
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN MANNIKA BI-AQDAMIHI
WA KULLU MANNIKA QADEEM ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA
BI-MAANIKA KULLIH ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA
AMARTANEE FASTAJIB LEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMA
INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-MAA ANTA FEEHI MINASH SHU-OONI WAL
JABAROOT ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BIKULLI SHANIN
WA KULLI JABAROOT ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BI-MAA
TUJEEBUNEE BIHEE H’EENA AS-ALUKA YAA ALLAAH YAA LAA ILAAHA ILLAA
ANTA AS-ALUKA BIBAHAAA-I LAA ILAAHA ILLAA ANTA YAA LAA ILAAHA ILLAA
ANTA AS-ALUKA BIJALAALI LAA ILAAHA ILLAA ANTA YAA LAA ILAAHA ILLA
ANTA AS-ALUKA BI-LAA ILAAHA ILLAA ANTA ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA
KAMAA AMARTANEE FAS-TAJIB LEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN RIZQIKA BI-A-A’MMIHI WA KULLU RIZQIKA
A’AAMM ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BIRIZQIKA KULLIHI
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN A’TAAA-IKA BI-AHNA-IHI
WA KULLU A’TAAA-IKA HANEEE-UN ALLAAHUMMAA INNEE
AS-ALUKA BI-A’T’AAA-IKA KULLIHI ALLAHUMA
INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN KHAYRIKA BI-AJLIHI WA KULLU KHAYRIKA
A’AJIL ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BIKHAYRIKA KULLIHI ALLAHUMMA
INNEE AS-ALUKA MIN FAZ”LIKA BI-AFZ”ALIHI WA KULLU
FAZ”LIKA FAAZ”LIKA FAAZ”IL
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AS-ALUKA BIFAZ”LIKA KULLIHI
ALLAAHUMMA INNEE AD-O’OKA KAMAA AMARTANEE
FASTAJIBLEE KAMAA WA-A’DTANEE ALLAAHUMMA
S’ALLI A’LAA MHUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD WAB-A’THNEE
A’LAL EEMAANI BIKA WAT TAS’DEQI BIRASOOLIKA A’LAYHI
WA AALIHIS SALAAM WAL WILAAYATI LI-A’LIYYIBNI ABEE T’AALIB
WAL BARAAA-ATI MIN A’DUWWIHI WAL EETIMAAMI
BIL A-IMMATI MIN AALI MUH’AMMADIN A’LAYHIMUS SALAAM FA-INNEE
QAD RAZ”EETU BID’AALIKA YAA RABB ALLAHUMMA S’ALLI
 A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN A’BDIKA WA RASOOKIKA FIL AWWALEEN
WA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN FIL AAKHIREEN WA S’ALLI A’LAA
 MUH’AMMDIN FIL MALAA-IL AA’-LAA WA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN FIL MURSALEEN
ALLAAHUMMA AA’-T’I MUH’AMMADANIL WASEELATA WASH SHARAFA
WAL FAZ”EELATA WAD DARAJATAL KABEERAH
ALLAAHUMMA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WA QANNIA’-NEE BIMAA RAZAQTANEE WA BAARIK LEE FEMAA AATAYTANEE WAH’-FAZ’NEE FEE GHAYBATEE WA FEE KULLI GHAAA-IBIN HUWA LEE
ALLAAHUMMA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WAB-A’THNEE A’LAL EEMANI BIKA WAT TAS’DEEQI BIRASOOLIKA 
ALLAAHUMMA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WA AS-ALUKA KHAYRAL KHAYRI RIZ”WAANAKA WAL JAANAATA
WAA-OOD’U BIKA MIN SHARRISH SHARRI SAKHAT’IKA WAN NAAR
ALLAAHUMMA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WAH’-FAZ”NEE MIN KULLI MUS’EEBATIN WA MIN KULLI
BALIYYATIN WA MIN KULLI U’QOOBATIN WA MIN KULLI FITNATIN
WA MIN KULLI BALAAA-IN WA MIN KULLI SHARRIN WA MIN KULLI
MAKROOHIN WA MIN KULLI AAFATIN NAZALAT AW
TANZILU MINAS SAMAAA-I ILAL ARZ”I FEE HAAD’IHIS SAA-A’TI
WA FEE HAAD’IHIL LAYLATI WA FEE HAAD’IHIL YAWMI
WA FEE HAAD’IHISH SHAHRI WA FEE HAAD’IHIS SANATIH
ALLAAHUMMA S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WAQ-SIM LEE MIN KULLI SUROORIN WA MIN KULLI BAHJATIN WA MIN KULLI
ISTIQAAMATIN WA MIN KULLI FARAJIN WA MIN KULLI A’AFIYATIN WA MIN KULLI SALAMATIN WA MIN KULLI KARAAMATIN WA MIN KULLI RIZQIN
WAASI-I’N H’ALAALIN T’AYYIBIN WA MIN KULLI NIA’-MATIN
WA MIN KULLI SA-A’TIN NAZALAT AW TANZILU MINAS
SAMAAA-I ILAL ARZ”I FEE HAAD’IHIS SAA-A’TI WA FEE HAAD’IHIL
LAYLATI WA FEE HAAD’IHIL YAWMI WA FEE HAAD’IHISH SHAHRI
WA FEE HAAD’IHIS SANAH ALLAAHUMMA IN KAANAT D’UNOOBEE
QAD AKHLAQAT WAJHEE I’NDAKA WA H’AALAT BAYNEE
WA BAYNAKA WA GHAYYARAT H’AALEE I’NDAKA FA-INNEE
AS-ALUKA BI-NOORI WAJHIKALLAD’EE LAA YUT’FA-U
WA BIWAJHI MUH’AMMADIN H’ABEEBIKAL MUS’T’AFAA
WA BIWAJHI WALIYYIKA A’LIYYINAL MURTAZ”AA WA
BIH’AQQI AWLIYAAA-IKAL LAD’EENAN-TAJABTAHUM
AN TUS’ALLIYA A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WA AN TAGHFIRA LEE MAA MAZ”AA MIN D’UNOOBEE
WA AN TAA’-S’IMANEE FEEMAA BAQIYA MIN U’MREE
WA A-O’OD’U BIKA ALLAAHUMMA AN A-O’ODA FEE SHAY-IN MIN
MA-A’AS’EEKA ABADAN MAA ABQAYTANEE H’ATTAA TATAWAFFAANEE
WA ANAA LAKA MUT’EE-U’N WA ANTA A’NNEE RAAZ”IN
WA AN TAKHTIMA LEE A’MALEE BI-AH’SANIHI
WA TAJ-A’LA LEE THAWAABAHUL JANNATI WA AN TAF-A’LA BEE MAA ANTA 
AHLUHU YAA AHLAT TAQWAA WA YAA AHLAL
MAGHFIRAH S’ALLI A’LAA MUH’AMMADIN WA AALI MUH’AMMAD
WAR-H’AMNEE BIRAH’MATIKA YAA ARH’AMAR RAAH’IMEEN